The group are actively engaged in the engineering of bioelectronic interfaces through the use of specific interfacial chemistry and / or protein chemistry (genetic or otherwise).  In some cases this is specifically to maximise the electronic coupling to underlying transducing surfaces.  In others such tools are utilised in establishing highly specific diagnostic assays and maximising the binding interactions with target proteins.

Receptive interfaces have ranged from those based on antibodies and functionalised nucleic acids to those based on peptide inserts into scaffolds (aptamers or Affimers).

To date exceptionally effective assays for CRP, insulin and a Parkinsons marker have been established.

In some work, this control has been subsequently utilised in supporting analyses at molecular scales.  One example of this has been the recent demonstration that bacteriorhodopsin can be largely delipidated and asymmetrically anchored onto electrodes through a strategically located cysteine prior to molecular level conductance and photoswitching analyses by current sensing atomic force methods.